Tech Stuff : Network Protocol
Network protocol
It defines the standardized format for data packets, techniques for detecting and correcting errors and so on.
A protocol is a formal description of message formats and the rules that two or more machines must follow to exchange those messages.
E.g. using library books.
Types of protocols are:
2. FTP
3. TCP/IP
4. SLIP/PPP
# HTTP
# FTP
- To promote sharing of files (computer programs and/or data).
- To encourage indirect or implicit use of remote computers.
- To shield a user from variations in file storage systems among different hosts.
- To transfer data reliably, and efficiently.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol).
# TCP
# IP
# Telnet
Wireless/Mobile Computing
#GSM(Global System for Mobile communication)
It is leading digital cellular system. In covered areas, cell phone users can buy one phone that will work any where the standard is supported. It uses narrowband TDMA, which allows eight simultaneous calls on the same radio frequency.
#CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)
It is a digital cellular technology that uses spreadspectrum techniques. CDMA does not assign a specific frequency to each user. Instead ,every channel uses the full available spectrum.
#WLL(Wireless in Local Loop)
WLL is a system that connects subscribers to the public switched telephone network using radio signals as a substitute for other connecting media.
#Email(Electronic Mail)
Email is sending and receiving messages by computer.
#Chat
Online textual talk in real time , is called Chatting.
#Video Conferencing
A two way videophone conversation among multiple participants is called video conferencing.
#SMS(Short Message Service)
SMS is the transmission of short text messages to and from a mobile pone, fax machine and or IP address.
#3G and EDGE
3G is a specification for the third generation of mobile communication of mobile communication technology. 3G promises increased bandwidth, up to 384 Kbps when a device is stationary. EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution) is a radio based high speed mobile data standard.
Network Security Concepts
Viruses:
Viruses are programs which replicate and attach to other programs in order to corrupt the executable codes. Virus enters the computer system through an external source and become destructive.Worms
Worms are also self- replicating programs that do not create multiple copies of itself on one computer but propagate through the computer network. Worms log on to computer systems using the username and passwords and exploit the system.Trojan horse
Though it is a useful program, however, a cracker can use it to intrude the computer system in order to exploit the resources. Such a program can also enter into the computer through an email or free programs downloaded through the Internet.Spams
Unwanted e-mail (usually of a commercial nature sent out in bulk).Cookies
Cookies are the text messages sent by a web server to the web browser primarily for identifying the user.Firewall
A firewall is used to control the traffic between computer networks. It intercepts the packets between the computer networks and allows only authorized packets to pass.Cyber Law
Cyber law refers to all the legal and regulatory aspects of Internet and the World Wide Web.Cyber Crimes
Cyber crime involves the usage of the computer system and the computer network for criminal activity.Hacking
Hacking is an unauthorized access to computer in order to exploit the resources.Web Services
WWW
The World Wide Web or W3 or simply the Web is a collection of linked documents or pages, stored on millions of computers and distributed across the Internet.HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)
HTML is a computer language that describes the structure and behavior of a web page. This language is used to create web pages.XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a meta language that helps to describe the markup language.HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
A protocol to transfer hypertext requests and information between servers and browsers.Domain Names
A domain name is a unique name that identifies a particular website and represents the name of the server where the web pages reside.URL
The Uniform Resource Locator is a means to locate resources such as web pages on the Internet. URL is also a method to address the web pages on the Internet. There are two types of URL, namely, absolute URL and relative URL.Website
A collection of related web pages stored on a web server is known as a website.Web browser
A software application that enables to browse, search and collect information from the Web is known as Web browser.Web Servers
The web pages on the Internet are stored on the computers that are connected to the Internet. These computers are known as web servers.Web Hosting
Web Hosting or website hosting is the service to host, store and maintain the websites on the World Wide Web.Web Scripting
The process of creating and embedding scripts in a web page is known as Web Scripting. Types of Scripts:-1. Client Side Scripts :- Client side scripts supports interaction within a webpage. E.g. VB Script, Java Script, PHP (PHP"S Hypertext Preprocessor).
2. Server Side Scripts :- Server side scripting supports execution at server – end. E.g. ASP, JSP, PHP.
OPEN SOURCE TERMINOLOGIES
Free Software: The S/W’s is freely accessible and can be freely used changed improved copied and distributed by all and payments are needed to make for free S/W.Open Source Software: S/w whose source code is available to the customer and it can be modified and redistributed without any limitation .OSS may come free of cost but nominal charges has to pay nominal charges (Support of S/W and development of S/W).
FLOSS (Free Libre and Open Source Software) : S/w which is free as well as open source S/W. ( Free S/W + Open Source S/W).
GNU (GNU’s Not Unix) : GNU project emphasize on the freedom and its objective is to create a system compatible to UNIX but not identical with it.
FSF (Free Software Foundation) : FSF is a non –profit organization created for the purpose of the free s/w movement. Organization funded many s/w developers to write free software.
OSI (Open Source Initiative) : Open source software organization dedicated to cause of promoting open source software it specified the criteria of OSS and its source code is not freely available.
W3C(World Wide Web Consortium) : W3C is responsible for producing the software standards for World Wide Web.
Proprietary Software: Proprietary Software is the s/w that is neither open nor freely available, normally the source code of the Proprietary Software is not available but further distribution and modification is possible by special permission by the supplier.
Freeware: Freeware are the software freely available , which permit redistribution but not modification (and their source code is not available). Freeware is distributed in Binary Form (ready to run) without any licensing fees.
Shareware: Software for which license fee is payable after some time limit, its source code is not available and modification to the software are not allowed.
Localization: localization refers to the adaptation of language, content and design to reflect local cultural sensitivities .e.g. Software Localization: where messages that a program presents to the user need to be translated into various languages.
Internationalization: Opposite of localization.
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